Which of the following lists the two terms that refer to the accuracy and consistency of test results?

• A. Sampling and error of measurement
• B. Correlation and causation
• C. Validity and reliability
• D. Frequency and distribution

Answer: (C)

When evaluating a test, you’re looking at two qualities: accuracy and consistency. Accuracy is shown by validity—whether the test actually measures the intended skill or construct. For example, a test designed to assess language comprehension should genuinely measure understanding, not unrelated abilities. Consistency is shown by reliability—whether the results are stable across multiple administrations, items, or scorers. If you retake the test or have another examiner score it and the results stay similar, that demonstrates reliability. The other options mix up different ideas: sampling and error of measurement relate to how data is collected and precision; correlation and causation reflect relationships between variables; frequency and distribution describe data patterns. So validity and reliability are the terms that capture accuracy and consistency.