Which of the following is an example of a related service?

• A. An inclusion classroom
• B. Extended time for tests
• C. Speech-language therapy
• D. The use of a calculator

Answer: (C)

The main idea is distinguishing supports that help a student access and benefit from special education from the instructional setting or testing adjustments. Related services are supports provided to enable the student to participate in or benefit from special education, beyond the direct instruction itself. Speech-language therapy fits this role because it directly supports communication skills—speaking, understanding language, and social communication—which are essential for learning across all subjects and for participating in classroom activities. Under this framework, speech-language therapy is a service that helps the student function more effectively in school.

In contrast, extended time for tests is an accommodation, which changes how the student demonstrates knowledge rather than adding a separate service to develop skills. The use of a calculator is typically considered assistive technology or another accommodation, again focusing on performance rather than providing a specialized service. An inclusion classroom refers to the setting where instruction occurs, not a separate service.